How Does Ambient Pressure PES Compare to Other Techniques?
Compared to other surface-sensitive techniques like [X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy]() (XPS) under UHV conditions, ambient pressure PES offers the advantage of studying catalysts in more realistic environments. Techniques like [infrared spectroscopy]() and [Raman spectroscopy]() can provide complementary information about molecular vibrations and chemical bonds, but ambient pressure PES uniquely offers direct information about the electronic states.
