SOFCs consist of three primary components: the anode, the cathode, and the electrolyte. The electrolyte is typically made from a ceramic material such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). At the anode, fuel molecules react with oxygen ions (O2-) that have migrated through the electrolyte from the cathode, producing water, carbon dioxide, and electrons. These electrons flow through an external circuit to generate electricity. At the cathode, oxygen molecules from the air are reduced to form oxygen ions, which then travel through the electrolyte to the anode.
