MMR enzymes employ a series of catalytic activities to identify and correct mismatched bases. The process involves multiple steps: recognition of the mismatch, excision of the erroneous segment, resynthesis of the correct DNA sequence, and ligation. These steps are catalyzed by a coordinated action of several proteins, including MutS, MutL, and MutH in prokaryotes, and their homologs in eukaryotes (MSH, MLH, and PMS proteins).
