Real-time Monitoring: They collect data from sensors that monitor temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants and products. This data is crucial for maintaining optimal conditions for the catalytic reaction. Automation: Microcontrollers can automate processes such as adjusting flow rates or temperatures based on real-time data, ensuring that the catalytic reactions are always operating under optimal conditions. Data Logging: They store historical data, which can be analyzed to understand the performance of the catalyst over time and make necessary adjustments.