A hydrogen fuel cell consists of three main components: the anode, the cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. Hydrogen gas (H2) is supplied to the anode, where it is catalytically split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-). The electrons travel through an external circuit, generating electricity. Meanwhile, protons pass through the electrolyte membrane to the cathode, where they combine with oxygen (O2) from the air and the electrons returning from the circuit to form water (H2O).
