Catalysts are utilized in several stages of carbon capture and conversion. For example:
Adsorption: Catalysts can enhance the adsorption processes by facilitating the binding of CO₂ molecules to a solid material. Materials like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolites are often employed due to their high surface area and tunable properties.
Absorption: In chemical absorption processes, catalysts can improve the reaction rates and efficiencies of solvents used to capture CO₂. Amines are commonly used solvents, and catalytic additives can significantly enhance their performance.
Conversion: Catalysts are essential in converting captured CO₂ into useful products, such as fuels, chemicals, and polymers. For instance, catalysts can aid in the hydrogenation of CO₂ to produce methanol, a valuable industrial chemical.
