How Do Catalysts Achieve Functional Group Tolerance?
Catalysts achieve functional group tolerance through several mechanisms, including:
Steric Effects: Bulky ligands on the catalyst can shield certain parts of the substrate, preventing undesirable interactions. Electronic Effects: Modifying the electronic properties of the catalyst can enhance its selectivity towards specific functional groups. Ligand Design: Designing ligands that can stabilize various intermediate states can improve functional group tolerance. Solvent Effects: Choosing the right solvent can influence the reactivity and selectivity of the catalyst.
