What are the Common Instruments Used in Catalysis?
Several instruments are routinely used in catalysis research. Some of the most common ones include:
- Gas Chromatography (GC): Used for analyzing the composition of gaseous and volatile liquid reaction products. - Mass Spectrometry (MS): Often coupled with GC, it helps in identifying and quantifying molecules based on their mass-to-charge ratio. - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Provides detailed information about the molecular structure and dynamics of the catalysts and reactants. - X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Used to determine the crystalline structure of solid catalysts. - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): Useful for identifying functional groups and monitoring surface interactions on catalysts. - Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD): Measures the desorption of molecules from catalyst surfaces, providing insights into surface properties and active sites.
