experimental complexity

How Do Catalyst Characterization Techniques Contribute?

Characterizing catalysts is essential to understand their properties and how they change during the reaction. Advanced characterization techniques include:
X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystal structures
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for surface composition
Infrared spectroscopy (IR) for functional group identification
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for molecular structure elucidation
These techniques provide valuable insights but also add layers of complexity to the experimental process.

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