Diagnosing low yield involves a comprehensive analysis of the catalytic process. Techniques include:
Characterization of Catalysts: Techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET surface area analysis can reveal changes in the catalyst. Reaction Kinetics: Studying the rate of reaction can help identify if the catalyst is functioning as expected. Analytical Chemistry: Using methods like gas chromatography (GC) or mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze the composition of reactants and products.
