Detecting improper scaling involves a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches: 1. Experimental Measurements: Techniques such as Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Surface Science methods can provide insights into adsorption energies. 2. Computational Modeling: Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations can be used to predict adsorption energies and identify deviations from ideal scaling. 3. Data Analysis: Statistical methods and machine learning can help identify patterns and anomalies in adsorption energy data, indicating improper scaling.
