How Can the Performance of Pt and Pd Catalysts Be Improved?
1. Alloying: Alloying Pt or Pd with other metals can enhance catalytic activity and stability. For example, Pt-Ru (Ruthenium) alloys are used in fuel cells to improve tolerance to CO poisoning. 2. Nanostructuring: Creating nanostructured catalysts with high surface areas can improve the efficiency and reduce the amount of precious metal required. Techniques such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sol-gel methods are employed to achieve this. 3. Support Materials: The choice of support material can significantly influence the performance of Pt and Pd catalysts. Supports with high surface areas and suitable pore structures can enhance metal dispersion and prevent sintering.
