Various techniques are employed to characterize the structural features of catalysts. Surface area and pore size can be measured using techniques like BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis and mercury porosimetry. The nature and dispersion of active sites can be studied using spectroscopic techniques like X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Understanding these features through characterization helps in designing and optimizing catalysts for specific applications.
