Protective coatings can be applied using various techniques, depending on the material of the coating and the nature of the catalyst. Common methods include:
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A process where the coating material is deposited from a vapor phase onto the catalyst surface. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD): Similar to CVD but involves the physical transfer of coating material in a vacuum. Spray Coating: A method where the coating material is sprayed onto the catalyst, often followed by a curing process. Dip Coating: The catalyst is dipped into a solution containing the coating material and then allowed to dry.