The synthesis of microporous materials involves several techniques, depending on the type of material being produced. For zeolites, hydrothermal synthesis is commonly employed, where a mixture of silica and alumina is heated in the presence of a structure-directing agent. MOFs are typically synthesized through solvothermal or hydrothermal methods, where metal salts and organic ligands react under controlled temperature and pressure conditions. Activated carbons are produced through the carbonization of organic precursors followed by activation processes such as chemical or physical activation.
