The characterization of channels is crucial for understanding and optimizing catalytic performance. Common techniques include: - X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Used to determine the crystalline structure and pore size distribution. - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): These provide visual images of the channels and their distribution. - Gas Adsorption Techniques: Methods like BET surface area analysis can measure the surface area and pore volume of the channels. - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Can provide information on the environment within the channels.
