There are several methods for isolating catalysts, depending on the nature of the catalytic system:
Precipitation: In some cases, the catalyst can be precipitated out of solution by changing the solvent or adding a precipitating agent. Chromatography: Techniques such as column chromatography or HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) can separate different species based on their interactions with the stationary phase. Crystallization: For solid catalysts, crystallization can be used to obtain pure samples, which can then be analyzed using X-ray diffraction.
