What Types of Catalysts are Used in Metal-Air Batteries?
Catalysts used in metal-air batteries can be broadly classified into precious metal catalysts, non-precious metal catalysts, and metal-free catalysts. Precious metal catalysts like platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (Ru) are known for their high catalytic activity but are expensive. Non-precious metal catalysts such as transition metal oxides, nitrides, and carbides offer a more cost-effective alternative. Metal-free catalysts, including carbon-based materials doped with heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen, sulfur), are also gaining attention due to their abundance and environmental friendliness.
