How are Carbocations Stabilized in Catalytic Processes?
Carbocations are inherently unstable due to their electron deficiency. However, several factors can stabilize them, making them more viable intermediates in catalysis:
Hyperconjugation: Delocalization of electrons from adjacent C-H or C-C bonds to the positively charged carbon. Resonance: Delocalization of the positive charge over multiple atoms, particularly in aromatic systems. Inductive Effects: Electron-donating groups attached to the carbocation can help delocalize the charge.
