Several analytical techniques are employed to decrypt catalytic processes:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to study the structure and dynamics of catalysts. Microscopy: High-resolution electron microscopy provides direct imaging of catalyst surfaces, helping identify active sites and structural changes during reactions. Mass Spectrometry: This technique helps in identifying reaction intermediates and products, providing insights into the reaction pathway.
