Despite the numerous benefits, the use of catalysts is not without challenges. Certain catalysts, such as those containing heavy metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium, can be toxic and pose environmental and health risks if not handled properly. The disposal and recycling of these catalysts require careful management to prevent contamination.
Additionally, the production and extraction of these precious metals can have significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction and pollution from mining activities. Thus, there is a growing interest in developing green catalysts that are more sustainable and less hazardous.
