Nanostructuring involves creating catalysts with nanoscale features, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, or nanotubes. This increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, providing more active sites for reactions. Nanostructured catalysts can exhibit unique properties, such as quantum effects, that are not present in bulk materials. For example, platinum nanoparticles are widely used in fuel cells due to their high catalytic activity and stability.
