Catalysis plays a vital role in oxidative desulfurization by enhancing the efficiency and selectivity of the oxidation reactions. Catalysts can lower the activation energy required for the oxidation process, allowing the reaction to proceed under milder conditions and at a faster rate. This not only improves the overall efficiency of the ODS process but also makes it more economically viable. Catalysts used in ODS can be homogeneous or heterogeneous, each having its own advantages and disadvantages.
