Even in the presence of a catalyst, a reaction may still be incomplete due to several factors:
Equilibrium Constraints: Catalysts speed up both the forward and reverse reactions. If a reaction is reversible, the system may reach an equilibrium state where both reactants and products are present. Kinetic Barriers: Some reactions may have intermediate steps that are not easily catalyzed, causing the reaction to proceed slowly or halt. Side Reactions: Competing reactions may occur, consuming reactants and forming undesired products, which can prevent the main reaction from going to completion.
