Pharmaceutical scientists utilize a variety of catalysts in their work, including:
Homogeneous catalysts, which are in the same phase as the reactants and often involve transition metals like palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium. Heterogeneous catalysts, which exist in a different phase and include materials like zeolites, metal oxides, and supported metals. Biocatalysts, such as enzymes, which offer high specificity and operate under mild conditions.
