3d reconstruction

Which Techniques are Used in 3D Reconstruction?

Several advanced imaging techniques are employed for 3D reconstruction in catalysis:

- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM is used to achieve atomic-resolution images of catalysts. Through techniques like electron tomography, TEM can provide 3D reconstructions by taking multiple 2D images at different angles.

- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM provides detailed surface images and, when combined with techniques like focused ion beam (FIB), can be used to create 3D reconstructions.

- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM can provide 3D surface profiles of catalysts at the nanoscale.

- X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Crystallography: These techniques are essential for determining the 3D atomic structure of crystalline materials.

- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: NMR can provide information about the 3D arrangement of atoms in certain types of catalysts, particularly those involving organic molecules.