Several types of signals are commonly analyzed in catalysis, including but not limited to:
Spectroscopic signals: Infrared (IR), UV-Vis, and Raman spectroscopy provide information on molecular vibrations and electronic transitions. Electrochemical signals: Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to study redox reactions and charge transfer processes. Thermogravimetric signals: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measures changes in mass as a function of temperature, indicating decomposition or desorption events. Chromatographic signals: Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) separate and quantify reactants and products.