Several types of microscopy are commonly employed in catalysis research:
1. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM provides high-resolution images of the internal structure of catalysts. It is particularly useful for analyzing the size, shape, and distribution of nanoparticles.
2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): SEM offers detailed surface images and is used to study the morphology and topography of catalyst surfaces.
3. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): AFM provides three-dimensional surface profiles at the atomic scale. It is used to study surface roughness and mechanical properties.
4. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): STM allows for imaging and manipulation of surfaces at the atomic level. It is useful for studying electronic properties of catalytic materials.
5. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Though not a traditional microscope, XPS is often used in conjunction to provide surface composition and chemical state information.
