The most commonly used material for PEM is Nafion, a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer-copolymer. Nafion is well-known for its high proton conductivity, chemical stability, and durability. However, research is ongoing to develop alternative materials, such as: - Polymer Electrolyte Membranes: These include materials like polybenzimidazole (PBI) and sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK). - Composite Membranes: Combining organic and inorganic materials to enhance properties. - Non-Fluorinated Membranes: To reduce costs and environmental impact.
