What Types of Catalysts are Utilized by End Users?
The catalysts used by end users can be broadly categorized into homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, typically liquids, and offer high selectivity. Heterogeneous catalysts, on the other hand, are in a different phase, usually solid, and are easier to separate from the reaction mixture. Additionally, enzymatic catalysts are widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries for their specificity and mild operational conditions.
