There are various types of catalysts employed in ETL, including:
Heterogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts exist in a different phase than the reactants, typically solid catalysts with gaseous or liquid reactants. They are widely used due to their ease of separation and reusability. Homogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, often used in liquid form. They offer high specificity and efficiency but can be challenging to separate from the products. Enzymatic Catalysts: Biological catalysts that can offer high specificity and operate under mild conditions. They are emerging as a sustainable option for ETL processes.
