analytical data

What Types of Analytical Techniques are Used?

Several analytical techniques are employed in catalysis research, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. Some of the most commonly used techniques include:

Spectroscopy: Techniques like Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provide information about the molecular structure and composition of catalysts and reactants.
Chromatography: Gas Chromatography (GC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) are used to separate and quantify the components of reaction mixtures.
Microscopy: Techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) offer detailed images of catalyst surfaces, helping to understand their morphology and particle size distribution.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD): This technique is used to determine the crystalline structure and phase composition of catalysts.
Temperature-Programmed Techniques: Methods like Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) provide insights into the adsorption and reduction behavior of catalysts.