Several advanced technologies play a crucial role in smart sensing for catalysis:
- Optical Sensors: These include Raman spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. They can provide real-time information on molecular vibrations and electronic transitions.
- Electrochemical Sensors: These sensors measure electrical properties like current, voltage, and impedance to determine the concentration of specific ions or molecules.
- Mass Spectrometry (MS): This technique helps in identifying and quantifying the composition of chemical species in a reaction mixture.
- Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS): These are miniaturized devices that can integrate sensors, actuators, and other components to provide detailed information on the reaction environment.
