What Techniques are Used to Study Surface Reactions?
Several advanced techniques are employed to study surface reactions, including: - Spectroscopy: Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy provide information on the chemical states and interactions at the surface. - Microscopy: Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal the surface morphology and atomic structure. - Temperature-Programmed Techniques: Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and reduction (TPR) measure the adsorption and desorption properties as a function of temperature.
