What Techniques are Used to Study Catalysts at the Atomic Level?
Several advanced techniques are employed to study catalysts at the atomic level. _Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)_ and _Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)_ provide high-resolution images of the catalyst's surface and atomic arrangement. _X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)_ and _Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)_ spectroscopy offer insights into the electronic structure and chemical environment of the atoms in the catalyst.
