structure

What Techniques are Used to Study Catalyst Structure?

Various advanced techniques are employed to characterize the structure of catalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to determine the crystalline structure, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provide detailed images of the catalyst's morphology. Surface analysis methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) help in understanding the surface composition and electronic states.

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