Several techniques are employed to modify the band gap of materials for catalytic applications:
Doping: Introducing foreign atoms into the semiconductor to create energy levels within the band gap. Surface modification: Altering the surface properties to improve light absorption and charge separation. Heterojunctions: Combining two different semiconductors to form a junction that enhances charge separation and extends the absorption spectrum. Composites: Integrating materials with different band gaps to achieve a synergistic effect.
