crystallographic structure

What Techniques are Used to Determine Crystallographic Structure?

Several techniques are employed to elucidate the crystallographic structure of catalysts:
1. X-ray diffraction (XRD): Provides information on the periodicity and symmetry of the crystal lattice.
2. Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM): Offers high-resolution images of the surface and internal structure.
3. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM): Allows for atomic-scale imaging of surface structures.
4. Neutron diffraction: Useful for locating light atoms in a heavy atom matrix.

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