in situ and operando studies

What Techniques are Used in In Situ and Operando Studies?

A variety of analytical techniques are employed in in situ and operando studies, including:
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) - Provides information on the local structure and electronic state of the catalyst.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) - Used for imaging the morphology and particle size of catalysts.
Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) - Helps in identifying surface species and reaction intermediates.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) - Offers insights into the local chemical environment of catalyst atoms.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) - Used to analyze reaction products and gas-phase intermediates.

Frequently asked queries:

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What Techniques are Used in In Situ and Operando Studies?
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