Several analytical techniques are employed for in-line analysis in catalysis, each with its unique advantages:
Spectroscopy: Techniques such as UV-Vis, IR, and Raman spectroscopy provide information on molecular structures and reaction intermediates. Chromatography: Gas and liquid chromatography are used to separate and identify reaction products and intermediates. Mass spectrometry: Provides detailed information on the mass and structure of molecules present in the reaction mixture. NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance): Offers insights into the chemical environment of nuclei, useful for studying complex molecules. Calorimetry: Measures the heat released or absorbed during a reaction, giving insights into reaction enthalpies and kinetics.
