What Techniques are Used in Catalyst Characterization?
Various techniques are employed in catalyst characterization, each offering unique insights:
- X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Determines the crystalline structure and phase composition of catalysts. - Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Analysis: Measures the specific surface area, which is crucial for determining the available active sites. - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Provides high-resolution images of the catalyst's morphology and particle size. - X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Analyzes the surface composition and oxidation states of elements. - Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): Identifies functional groups and chemical bonds on the catalyst surface.
