structural analysis

What Techniques are Used for Structural Analysis?

Several advanced techniques are employed for structural analysis:
- X-ray diffraction (XRD): Used to determine the crystalline structure of solid catalysts.
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Provides detailed images of the catalyst at the atomic level.
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM): Offers surface morphology and particle size information.
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): Useful for studying the environment of specific nuclei in the catalyst.
- Infrared spectroscopy (IR): Helps identify functional groups and monitor interactions between the catalyst and reactants.

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