Different analytical techniques are employed depending on the nature of the reaction and the information required:
Spectroscopy: Techniques like UV-Vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy are commonly used to monitor chemical reactions. They provide information about the molecular structure and concentration of species involved in the reaction. Chromatography: Techniques such as HPLC and GC separate and quantify the components of a reaction mixture. Mass Spectrometry: This technique provides detailed information about the molecular weight and structure of the intermediates and products. Calorimetry: It measures the heat evolved or absorbed during a reaction, providing insights into the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics. Electrochemical Methods: Techniques like cyclic voltammetry are useful for studying redox reactions and the role of catalysts in electron transfer processes.
