Several techniques are employed to create nanostructured catalysts:
Sol-Gel Process: A wet-chemical technique used to fabricate nanoparticles with controlled size and shape. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD): A process where gaseous reactants form a solid material on a substrate, creating thin films and coatings. Electrodeposition: A method to deposit materials from a solution onto an electrode surface, forming nanostructured coatings. Template Synthesis: Using templates like porous membranes to shape nanoparticles. Ball Milling: A mechanical process to grind bulk materials into nanostructured particles.