What Techniques are Used for Composition Monitoring?
Several analytical techniques are employed for composition monitoring in catalysis:
1. Gas Chromatography (GC): Widely used for separating and analyzing volatile compounds. GC can provide detailed information on the composition of gaseous and liquid samples. 2. Mass Spectrometry (MS): Often coupled with GC or liquid chromatography (LC), MS offers precise molecular identification and quantification. 3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Useful for identifying molecular structures and dynamics, NMR can provide detailed insights into catalyst and substrate interactions. 4. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy: Effective for identifying functional groups and monitoring reaction progress through characteristic absorption bands.
