imaging

What Techniques are Commonly Used for Imaging in Catalysis?

Several advanced imaging techniques are employed in catalysis, including:
1. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Provides high-resolution images of catalyst structures, revealing atomic arrangements.
2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Offers detailed surface images to understand morphology.
3. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Measures surface topography at the atomic level.
4. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Analyzes surface chemistry and electronic states.
5. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): Provides atomic-scale images of surfaces and can also manipulate atoms.

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