Researchers employ various strategies to enhance the efficiency and applicability of these materials:
1. Doping: Introducing foreign atoms can create new energy levels within the bandgap, allowing the absorption of visible light. 2. Heterojunctions: Combining two or more semiconductors can improve charge separation and reduce recombination rates. 3. Surface Modification: Coating with noble metals or other materials can enhance photocatalytic activity by providing additional active sites or improving charge transfer.
