Beyond its role in energy production, cytochrome c is a crucial player in apoptosis (programmed cell death). Upon receiving specific cellular signals, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria into the cytosol. In the cytosol, it binds to apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), leading to the formation of the apoptosome. This complex then activates caspase enzymes that execute cell death. This dual role in both energy production and apoptosis underscores the significance of cytochrome c in cellular homeostasis and health.
