What Materials Can Serve as Cost-Effective Catalysts?
Some promising cost-effective alternatives include non-precious metals, metal oxides, and biocatalysts. For instance, iron and copper are increasingly being explored as substitutes for precious metals like platinum and palladium. Transition metal oxides such as cerium oxide and titanium dioxide also offer a balance between performance and cost. Additionally, enzymes and other biocatalysts present a renewable and environmentally friendly option, though they come with their own set of challenges.
