The materials used for hybrid membranes vary widely depending on the desired properties and application. Common inorganic components include [metal oxides](#), [zeolites](#), and [carbon nanotubes](#), while organic components typically involve various polymers such as [polyvinyl alcohol](#) (PVA) and [polyether sulfone](#) (PES). The choice of materials is crucial for tailoring the membrane's performance in specific catalytic applications.
